Digital Storage Converters & Calculators

Convert data storage units (KB, MB, GB, TB) and transfer rates (Mbps, Gbps, MB/s) - plus calculators for download time, storage planning, streaming data usage and backup sizing.

Data Storage Converter

Convert between bits, bytes, KB, MB, GB, TB, PB, KiB, MiB, GiB and TiB

Bit to byteByte to bit
Data Transfer Rate Converter

Convert between Mbps, Gbps, Kbps, MB/s, GB/s and other bandwidth units

Bit Per Second to kilobit per secondKilobit Per Second to bit per second
Download Time

File download time, upload time, required speed and bandwidth per user calculators

File Download Time CalculatorFile Upload Time Calculator
Storage Planning

Calculate how many photos, videos, games and songs fit in your storage

Photo Storage CalculatorVideo Recording Storage Calculator
Streaming Usage

Data usage calculators for video streaming, music, video calls and online gaming

Video Streaming Data UsageMusic Streaming Data Usage
Backup & RAID

RAID calculator, backup storage estimator, cloud cost comparison and NAS sizing

RAID Usable Storage CalculatorBackup Storage Estimator

Confused about why your 1 TB hard drive only shows 931 GB, what the difference between Mbps and MB/s actually means for your internet speed, how long it takes to download a 50 GB game at 100 Mbps, or how many photos fit in 256 GB of iPhone storage? Digital storage and bandwidth questions come up constantly - checking phone storage, comparing ISP plans, planning cloud backups, estimating streaming data usage, or sizing a NAS for your home office. Our converters cover binary-standard storage units (where 1 KB = 1024 bytes) plus IEC units (KiB, MiB, GiB, TiB) and data transfer rates from Kbps to Tbps. The calculators handle download time estimates, storage planning for photos and games, streaming data budgets, RAID configurations and cloud storage costs.

Frequently asked questions

Drive manufacturers label drives using decimal counting (1 TB = 1,000,000,000,000 bytes) but operating systems measure in binary where 1 GB = 1,073,741,824 bytes. So 1,000,000,000,000 bytes divided by 1,073,741,824 equals about 931 GB in Windows. You are not losing any storage - it is a labeling difference.

Mbps (megabits per second) is how ISPs advertise speed. MB/s (megabytes per second) is what your browser shows during downloads. Divide Mbps by 8 to get MB/s - so a 100 Mbps connection downloads at about 12.5 MB/s. A 1 Gbps fiber plan downloads at roughly 125 MB/s.

At 100 Mbps (12.5 MB/s), a 50 GB download takes about 67 minutes. At 500 Mbps it takes around 13 minutes, and at 1 Gbps about 7 minutes. Real-world speeds are typically 60-80% of your plan speed due to overhead and congestion.

At a typical smartphone photo size of 3-5 MB, 256 GB holds roughly 50,000-80,000 photos. RAW photos at 25 MB each fit about 10,000. A minute of 4K video at 400 MB means 256 GB holds about 10 hours of 4K footage.

RAID 5 with 4 drives gives you 3 drives worth of usable storage (75%). With four 4 TB drives you get 12 TB usable and can survive one drive failure. RAID 6 gives 2 drives of usable space but tolerates two drive failures.

Need other converters? Explore our metric converters, science & engineering, time and date, cooking and finance calculators.